光钎激光器的原理及应用：
Principles and Application of the Fibre Laser
光纤激光器是指用掺稀土元素玻璃光纤作为增益介质的激光器，光钎激光器可在光纤放大器的基础上开发出来：在泵浦光的作用下光纤内极易形成搞功率密度，造成激光工作物质的激光能级“粒子数反转”，当适当加入正反馈回路（构成谐振腔）便可形成激光振荡输出。
光纤激光器应用范围非常广泛，包括激光光前通讯、激光空间远距离通讯、工业造船、汽车制造、激光雕刻、激光打标、激光切割、印刷制锟、金属非金属钻孔/切割/焊接（铜焊、淬水、包层以及深度焊接）、军事国防安全、医疗器械仪器设备、大型基础建设等等。
光钎激光器的优势：
光钎激光器作为第三代激光技术的代表，具有以下优势：
- 玻璃光纤制造成本低、技术成熟以及光纤的可绕性所带来的小型化、集约化优势。
玻璃光纤对入射泵浦光不需要像晶体那样严格的相位匹配,这是由于玻璃基质Stark分裂引起的非均匀展宽造成吸收带较宽的缘
- 玻璃光纤制造成本低、技术成熟以及光纤的可绕性所带来的小型化、集约化优势。
2.玻璃光纤对入射泵浦光不需要像晶体那样严格的相位匹配,这是由于玻璃基质Stark分裂引起的非均匀展宽造成吸收带较宽的缘故。
3.玻璃材料具有极低的体积面积比，散热快、耗损低，所以上转效率较高，激光阈值低。
4.输出激光波长多。这是因为稀土离子能级非常分丰富及其稀土 离子种类之多。
5.可调谐性：稀土离子能级宽和玻璃光纤的荧光谱较宽。
6.由于光钎激光器的谐振腔内无光学镜片，因此具有免调节、免维护、高稳定性的优点，这是传统激光器无法比拟的。
7.光纤导出，使得激光器能轻易胜任各种多维任意空间加工应用，使机械系统的设计变得非常简单。
8.胜任恶劣的工作环境，对灰尘、震荡、冲击、湿度、温度具有很高的容忍度。
9.不需要热电制冷和水冷，只需要简单的风冷。
10.更高的电光效率：综合电光效率高达20%以上，大幅度节省工作时的耗电量，节约运行成本。
Fibre laser means a type of laser mixing rare earth glass fibre as the laser gain medium, the fibre laser can be developed base on the fibre optic amplifier: under the function of pump light, the fibre is flexible to from the high power density, resulting the laser energy level “ population inversion” of the laser materials. When adds the regenerative circuit (forming resonant cavity) suitably, it will form the laser vibration output.
The fibre laser is of wide scope of application, including laser fibre communication, laser space long distance communication, industrial ship building, car manufacturing, fibre carving, fibre marking, fibre cutting, printing roller, metal/non-metal drilling/cutting/welding(brazing, ,quenching, wrapping and deep welding), military affairy affairs and national security, medical apparatus instrument, and large infrastructure, etc.
Advantages of the fibre laser:
AS the symbol of the third generation of fibre laser, it is featured with the following advantages
- Low cost on glass fibre manufacturing, perfect technology and the minimized and integrated advantages due to the flexibility of fibre.
- The incoming pump light on glass fibre is not required to be strictly of phase matched like that on crystal, due to non-uniform spread of the branches resulting from the pision of glass matrix Stark brings about the wide absorption band.
- The fibre materials has relative low ratio of volume area, with fast radiation and low loss, the upper conversion efficiency is relative high and laser threshold is low.
- The output laser wavelength is more, due to the rare earth ion is abundant and rich, and its rare earth iron is of multiple kinds.
- The tuneable ability: the energy level of the rare earth iron is wide, and the fluorescent line of the glass fibre is wide.
- Due to the resonant cavity of the fibre laser has no optical glasses, it has fee of maintenance and high stabilities, which is incomparable by the design of mechanical system.
- Fibre export enables the laser capable to be qualified for all kinds of multi-dimension space processing and application, simplifying the design of mechanical system.
- Work normally in the serious working environment: it has high tolerability to the dust, vibration, punching, humidity, and temperature.
- No requirement on the thermoelectric refrigeration and water cooling, only the simply air cooling.
- Higher electronic-optic efficiency: its comprehensive electronic-optic efficiency is over 20%,saving the power consumption greatly and the operayion cost.
