H型钢主要用于工业与民用结构中的梁
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柱构件
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◆工业构筑物的钢结构承重支架
◆地下工程的钢桩及支护结构
◆石油化工及电力等工业设备结构
◆大跨度钢桥构件
◆船舶
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机械制造框架结构
◆火车
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汽车
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拖拉机大梁支架
◆港口传送带
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高速挡板支架
H型钢是一种经济型断面钢材
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广泛用于工业
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建筑
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桥梁
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石油钻井平台等方面
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据预测2005年我国H型钢需求量约250万吨
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2010年需求量500万吨
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但目前我国H型钢年生产能力为120万吨
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市场需求量非常巨大
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3市场行情编辑
2013年5月20日
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济南H型钢市场价格平稳
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中国产业洞察网数据显示
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莱钢产H型钢200*200*8*12价格是3680元(吨价
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下同)
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300*300*10*15价格是3860元
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400*200*9*14价格是3800元
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以上价格均与上周五价格持平
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经询价了解
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济南H型钢库存普遍在几百吨
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只有个别大户库存有四千多吨
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不过无论库存大小
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消化都很缓慢
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商家反映周末基本无销量
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现阶段钢材市场中下游供需不平衡
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商家库中囤积货物很难找到买家
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只有固定客户资源的经销商出货尚可
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商家表示整个市场的钢材成交价格都是透明的
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H型钢的报价基本一致
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仅有少数规格的库存较少
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价格小幅高报
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但消化依旧缓慢
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商家认为近期钢厂调价步伐过快
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导致型材市场价格变化频率较快
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在无法把握济南H型钢市场走势的情况下
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观望氛围较重
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短期内将谨慎操作
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济南H型钢市场价格将弱势盘整
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4特点编辑
1
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结构强度高
同工字钢相比
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截面模数大
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在承载条件相同时
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可节约金属10-15%
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2.设计风格灵活
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丰富
在梁高相同的情况下
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钢结构的开间可比混凝土结构的开间大50%
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从而使建筑布置更加灵活
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3.结构自重轻
与混凝土结构自重相比轻,结构自重的降低
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减少了结构设计内力
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可使建筑结构基础处理要求低
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施工简便
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造价降低
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4.结构稳定性高
.以热轧H型钢为主的钢结构
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其结构科学合理
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塑性和柔韧性好
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结构稳定性高
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适用于承受振动和冲击载荷大的建筑结构
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抗自然灾害能力强
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特别适用于一些多地震发生带的建筑结构
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据统计
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在世界上发生7级以上毁灭性大地震灾害中
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以H型钢为主的钢结构建筑受害程度最小
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5.增加结构有效使用面积
与混凝土结构相比
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钢结构柱截面面积小
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从而可增加建筑有效使用面积
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视建筑不同形式
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能增加有效使用面积4-6%
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6.省工省料
与焊接H型钢相比
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能明显地省工省料
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减少原材料
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能源和人工的消耗
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残余应力低
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外观和表面质量好
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7.便于机械加工
易于结构连接和安装
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还易于拆除和再用
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8.环保
采用H型钢可以有效保护环境
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具体表现在三个方面
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一是和混凝土相比
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可采用干式施工
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产生的噪音小
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粉尘少
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二是由于自重减轻
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基础施工取土量少
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对土地资源破坏小
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此外大量减少混凝土用量
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减少开山挖石量
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有利于生态环境的保护
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三是建筑结构使用寿命到期后
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结构拆除后
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产生的固体垃圾量小
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废钢资源回收价值高
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9.工业化制作程度高
以热轧H型钢为主的钢结构工业化制作程度高
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便于机械制造
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集约化生产
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精度高
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安装方便
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质量易于保证
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可以建成真正的房屋制作工厂
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桥梁制作工厂
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工业厂房制作工厂等
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发展钢结构
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创造和带动了数以百计的新兴产业发展
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10.工程施工速度快
占地面积小
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且适合于全天候施工
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受气候条件影响小
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用热轧H型钢制作的钢结构的施工速度约为混凝土结构施工速度的2-3倍
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资金周转率成倍提高
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降低财务费用
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从而节省投资
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以我国
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第一高楼
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上海浦东的
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金贸大厦
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为例
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主体高达近400m的结构主体仅用不到半年时间就完成了结构封顶
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而钢混结构则需要两年工期
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5厂商编辑
目前国内主要有安徽省马鞍山市的马钢公司
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莱芜钢铁有限公司
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日照钢铁
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津西钢铁及长治钢铁生产等
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马钢为我国第一家生产H型钢企业
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马钢H型钢厂主要设备从德马克
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西门子
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美国依太姆等公司引进
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这条生产线以连铸异型坯为原料
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采用步进式加热炉
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选择了二辊式大行程开坯机
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万能粗轧机组可逆轧制和万能精轧机的工艺流程
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在万能轧机上装有AGC辊缝自动控制系统和快速换辊装置
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热锯采用计算机精确定位
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液压步进式冷床
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9辊辊距可调悬臂式矫直机
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全厂生产管理采用计算机三级控制
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该厂的工艺装备和自动化程度堪称世界第一流
莱钢H型钢厂的主要设备从日本新日铁和东芝公司引进
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设计能力年产50万吨
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现已达到年产80万吨
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其工艺装备
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工艺流程
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产品规格
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与日照引进的意大利达涅利的H生产线几乎完全一样
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2005年9月1日
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质量国家监督检验检疫总局授权的中国名牌战略推进委员会正式确定马鞍山钢铁总公司
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简称马钢
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热轧H型钢为中国名牌产品
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2005年9月1日
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质量国家监督检验检疫总局授权的中国名牌战略推进委员会正式确定山东莱芜钢铁集团公司
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简称莱钢
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热轧H型钢为中国名牌产品
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6区别编辑
◆工字型钢不论是普通型还是轻型的
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由于截面尺寸均相对较高
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较窄
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故对截面两个主袖的惯性矩相差较大
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因此
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一般仅能直接用于在其腹板平面内受弯的构件或将其组成格构式受力构件
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对轴心受压构件或在垂直于腹板平面还有弯曲的构件均不宜采用
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这就使其在应用范围上有着很大的局限
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◆H型钢属于高效经济裁面型材(其它还有冷弯薄壁型钢
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压型钢板等)
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由于截面形状合理
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它们能使钢材更高地发挥效能
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提高承载能力
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不同于普通工字型的是h型钢的翼缘进行了加宽
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且内
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外表面通常是平行的
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这样可便于用高强度螺栓和其他构件连接
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其尺寸构成系列合理
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型号齐全
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便于设计选用
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◆H型钢的翼缘都是等厚度的
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有轧制截面
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也有由3块板焊接组成的组合截面
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工字钢都是轧制截面
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由于生产工艺差
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翼缘内边有1
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10坡度
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H型钢的轧制不同于普通工字钢仅用一套水平轧辊
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由于其翼缘较宽且无斜度(或斜度很小)
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故须增设一组立式轧辊同时进行辊轧
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因此
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其轧制工艺和设备都比普通轧机复杂
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国内可生产的最大轧制h型钢高度为800mm
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超过了只能是焊接组合截面
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我国热轧H型钢国标
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GB/T11263-1998
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将H型钢分为窄翼缘
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宽翼缘和钢桩三类
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其代号分别为hz
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hk和hu
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窄翼缘H型钢适用于梁或压弯构件
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而宽翼缘h型钢和h型钢桩则适用于轴心受压构件或压弯构件
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工字钢与H型钢相比
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等重量前提下
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w
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ix
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iy都不如h型钢