氧化铝

氧化铝，化学符号：Al2O3  、分子量102，纯净氧化铝是白色无定形粉末，俗称矾土，密度3.9-4.0g/cm3，熔点2050℃、沸点2980℃，不溶于水，为两性氧化物，能溶于无机酸和碱性溶液中，有四种同素异构体β－氧化铝δ－氧化铝v－氧化铝a－氧化铝 ，主要有α型和γ型两种变体，工业上可从铝土矿中提取。

   在α型氧化铝的晶格中，氧离子为六方紧密堆积，Al3+对称地分布在氧离子围成的八面体配位中心，晶格能很大，故熔点、沸点很高。α型氧化铝不溶于水和酸，工业上也称铝氧，是制金属铝的基本原料；也用于制各种耐火砖、耐火坩埚、耐火管、耐高温实验仪器；还可作研磨剂、阻燃剂、填充料等；高纯的α型氧化铝还是生产人造刚玉、人造红宝石和蓝宝石的原料；还用于生产现代大规模集成电路的板基。

   γ型氧化铝是氢氧化铝在140-150℃的低温环境下脱水制得，工业上也叫活性氧化铝、铝胶。其结构中氧离子近似为立方面心紧密堆积，Al3+不规则地分布在由氧离子围成的八面体和四面体空隙之中。γ型氧化铝不溶于水，能溶于强酸或强碱溶液，将它加热至1200℃就全部转化为α型氧化铝。γ型氧化铝是一种多孔性物质，每克的内表面积高达数百平方米，活性高吸附能力强。工业品常为无色或微带粉红的圆柱型颗粒，耐压性好。在石油炼制和石油化工中是常用的吸附剂、催化剂和催化剂载体；在工业上是变压器油、透平油的脱酸剂，还用于色层分析；在实验室是中性强干燥剂，其干燥能力不亚于五氧化二磷，使用后在175℃以下加热6-8h还能再生重复使用。

   目前世界上用拜耳法生产的氧化铝要占到总产量的90％以上，氧化铝大部分用于制金属铝，用作其它用途的不到10％

The English version

alumina

Aluminum oxide, chemical symbol: Al2O3, molecular weight 102, pure alumina is a white amorphous powder, commonly known as alumina, 3.9 4.0 g/cm3 density, melting point 2050 ℃, boiling point 2980 ℃, insoluble in water, for both sexes oxide, soluble in inorganic acid and alkaline solution, and there are four kinds of isomer with element beta-alumina delta - - a - alumina, alumina v are alpha and gamma two variations, industry can be extracted from bauxite.

In the lattice type alpha alumina, oxygen ions as the six-party close packing, Al3 + symmetrically distributed in oxygen ion of octahedral coordination center, lattice energy is very big, therefore, a high melting point, boiling point. Alpha alumina insoluble in water and acid, also known as alumina industry, is the basic raw material of aluminum; Also used for making all kinds of firebrick, refractory crucible, fire pipe, high temperature resistant experiment instrument; Can also be abrasive, flame retardants, fillers, etc; The alpha type of high purity alumina or production of raw materials of synthetic corundum, synthetic ruby and sapphire; Also used in the production base of modern large scale integrated circuit board.

Gamma alumina is aluminum hydroxide in the dehydration system of 140-150 ℃ low temperature environment, industry also called activated alumina, aluminium glue. Oxygen ion in the structure approximation is made in heart tightly packed, Al3 + irregularly distributed in octahedral surrounded by oxygen ions and tetrahedral gap. Gamma alumina insoluble in water, soluble in acid or alkali solution, will it all into a heated to 1200 ℃ alpha alumina. Gamma alumina is a porous material, the inside surface area per gram of up to hundreds of square meters, high active adsorption ability. Industrial products usually colorless or microstrip pink cylindrical particles, good pressure resistance. In petroleum refining and petrochemical industry is a commonly used adsorbent, catalyst and catalyst carrier; In industry is the transformer oil, turbine oil, acid agent, also used for chromatographic analysis; Strong desiccant is neutral in the laboratory, the drying capacity as phosphorus pentoxide, use after 6 to 8 h under 175 ℃ heating regeneration reuse.

Currently using bayer process of alumina production in the world want to account for over 90% of the total output, most of alumina used for aluminum, as less than 10% for other USES

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