轴瓦分为剖分式和整体式结构。为了改善轴瓦表面的摩擦性质,常在其内径面上浇铸一层或两层减摩材料,通常称为轴承衬,所以轴瓦又有双金属轴瓦和三金属轴瓦。
轴承材料
轴瓦或轴承是滑动轴承的重要零件,轴瓦和轴承衬的材料统称为轴承材料。由于轴瓦或轴承衬与轴颈直接接触,一般轴颈部分比较耐磨,因此轴瓦的主要失效形式是磨损。轴瓦的磨损与轴颈的材料、轴瓦自身材料、润滑剂和润滑状态直接相关,选择轴瓦材料应综合考虑这些因素,以提高滑动轴承的使用寿命和工作性能。
轴承的材料有
1) 金属材料,如轴承合金、青铜、铝基合金、锌基合金等;
2) 多孔质金属材料(粉末冶金材料);
3) 非金属材料。
其中:
轴承合金:轴承合金又称白合金,主要是锡、铅、锑或其它金属的合金,由于其耐磨型好、塑性高、跑合性能好、导热性好和抗胶和性好及与油的吸附性好,故适用于重载、高速情况下,轴承合金的强度较小,价格较贵,使用时必须浇筑在青铜、钢带或铸铁的轴瓦上,形成较薄的涂层。
多孔质金属材料:多孔质金属是一种粉末材料,它具有多孔组织,若将其浸在润滑油中,使微孔中充满润滑油,变成了含油轴承,具有自润滑性能。多孔质金属材料的韧性小,只适应于平稳的无冲击载荷及中、小速度情况下。
轴承塑料:常用的轴承塑料有酚醛塑料、尼龙、聚四氟乙烯等,塑料轴承有较大的抗压强度和耐磨性,可用油和水润滑,也有自润滑性能,但导热性差。
剖分式轴承座的上盖和底座可分离,主要承受径乡向载荷,适合于圆柱孔和圆锥孔的调心滚子轴承和调心球轴承。该种轴承座主要应用于冶金,矿山,输送系统,环保设备等等。主要的型号有SN 系列、SD系列、SNU系列、SNL系列,1500、1600系列,Z2500Y、Z2600Y系列,GZ2、GZ4系列。各系列的主要区别是承受的负荷不同,密封形式不同(羊毛毡,双唇密封,U型密封,迷宫圈密封等)。它具有良好的导热性,安装和拆卸方便,并且大大提高了密封件的效用。
Split Plummer block, whose cap and base can be separated, mainly bear radial load. It fits for self-aligning spherical roller bearings or self-aligning spherical ball bearing. They are used in metallurgy, mining, conveyor systems, environment protecting and other industry. The main model No is SN series、SD series、SNU series、SNL series,1500、1600 series,Z2500Y、Z2600Y series,GZ2、GZ4 series and so on. The main difference is load and seal type (oil felt, TG, U-lock, TS ). They has good heat conduction, and also can simplify mounting and dismounting procedures, improve sealing efficiency etc.
滑动轴承座由上盖、底座、剖分轴瓦(铝青铜),安装螺栓组成,主要承受径向载荷。使用简单,不需要安装轴承。轴瓦内表面的不承担载荷部分开有油槽,润滑油通过进油孔和邮沟流进间隙。主要应用在冶金和输送设备等工业领域。主要型号为H2000,H4000,ZHC4-00,HX000,HZ000,ZHC2-00,XHC4-00等。
Plain Bearing Block Housings are made up of cap, base ,aluminum bronze bushing and installing bolts, which mainly bear radial load. They needn’t to be matched with bearings, so very easy in application. There is one oil groove in the bronze bushing, where lubricant can flow into the axis from the oil hole on the cap of housings. They are mainly used in metallurgy and conveyor systems. The main model No is H2000,H4000,ZHC4-00,HX000,HZ000,ZHC2-00,XHC4-00.
各类型带座外球面球轴承由外球面球轴承和外球面轴承座组成。在使用中,不必另外设计轴承箱,故尺寸小,结构简单,使用方便。轴承座为整体结构,承载能力大,刚性好,互换性的特点。具有自动调心功能。采用双层密封形式,主要应用在农机、建筑设备、输送系统、纺织机械和其他食品、饮料加工设备。主要型号为UCP,UCF,UCFL,UCT,UCPA,UCPH,UCFS等.
Insert ball bearing units is composed of outer spherical ball bearing and pillow block. In application, it doesn’t need bearing housing., dimension is small and structure is simple, which is easy for use. The insert ball bearing units is solid type, which is rigid and can change with other types. They are able to compensate for initial errors of alignment. Besides, they are sealed at both sides, which can be used in agricultural machinery, construction equipment, conveyor systems, textile machines and fans as well as in machines for food and beverage processing and packaging.
紧定套用于将圆锥孔调心轴承固定在无轴肩轴上,结构简单,工作可靠,轴承调换方便。它由称套、锁紧螺母、锁紧垫圈组成。主要型号为H系列,HE系列,HS系列,HA系列,OH系列。
Adapter sleeves are the most commonly used components for locating bearings with a tapered bore onto a cylindrical seating as they can be used on smooth or stepped shafts.
They are easy to mount and require no additional location on the shaft. They are made up of sleeve, lock nut and lock washer. The main model No is H series, HE series, HS series, HA series and OH series.