表语从句
It seems that it is going to snow.
看起来要下雪了。
That is why Jack got scolded.
这就是杰克受到训斥的原因。
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
他对新闻界的看法是,记者们不是支持他,就是反对他。
句型的转换
因为在表达相同思维的语言形式上,英语与汉语有着显著的差异,EST转译成汉语时,句型可能会发生相应的变化,主要表现:英语简单句转换成汉语单句,英语复合句转换成汉语单句,英语复合句转换成汉语复句,英语定语从句转换成汉语状语从句,英语的表语从句转换成汉语的状语从句或定语从句,英语的从句转换成汉语的主句,英语的并列复合句转换成汉语的复合句,英语的复合句转换成汉语的并列句等等,例如:
例3.It was the part that we made at our workshop yesterday.
我们在车间里制造的正是那个零件。(英语复合句转换成汉语单句)
不译:不译或省略翻译是在确切表达原文内容的前提下使译文简练,合乎汉语规范,决不是任意省略某些介词。
①表示时间或地点的英语介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大都不译。如:
There are four seasons in a year. 一年有四季。
Many water power stations have been built in the country.我国已建成许多水电站。
②有些介词如for(为了),from(从……),to(对……),on(在……时)等,可以不译。如:
The barometer is a good instrument for measuring air pressure.气压计是测量气压的好仪器。
The air was removed from between the two pipes.两根管子之间的空气已经抽出。
Answers to questions 2 and 3 may be obtained in the laboratory.问题2和3的可以在实验室里得到。
Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling.大多数物质热胀冷缩。
③表示与主语有关的某一方面、范围或内容的介词有时不译,可把介词的宾语译成汉语主语。如:
Something has gone wrong with the engine.这台发动机出了毛病。
Gold is similar in color to brass金子的颜色和黄铜相似。
It’s never occurred to me that bats are really guided by their ears.我从未想到蝙蝠居然是靠耳朵引路的。
④不少of介词短语在句中作定语。其中of(……的)往往不译。如:
The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors.电能变为机械能是通过电动机实现的。 (of短语和change在逻辑上有主谓关系,可译成立谓结构。)
Some of the properties of cathode rays listed below.现将极射线的一些特性开列如下。(第1个of短语和some在逻辑上有部分关系,Of不译出。)